Effect of Manure Application on Herbage Yield, Nutritive Value and Performance of Wad Sheep Fed Panicum maximum

Effect of types of manure on herbage yield, nutritive value and performance of WAD Sheep fed native Panicum maximum was investigated. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with each plot replicated thrice. Poultry manure and sheep - goat manure were applied through broadcasting to an established Panicum maximum stand to supply 200kgN/ha and 0kgN/ha (control). Grass herbage harvested from experiment plot were fed as sole diets to West African dwarf sheep to determine feed intake (g/h/d), nutrient digestibility (%) and weight gain (g/h/d). Results showed that Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher values for biomass yield, number of tillers, tiller height, leaf length and leaf width. The chemical composition of Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher CP and GE compared to sheep-goat manure. Similar trend of result was observed on mineral composition of Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher values for P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu compared to sheep-goat manure. The feed intake (g/h/d), nutrient digestibility (%) and weight gain of the animals fed Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced higher values compared to its counterpart. It was concluded based on data obtained from this study that poultry manure application will promote higher yield and nutritive value for the Panicum maximum. Animals fed with this as sole diet and as short feeding regime experienced high weight gain. Keywords: Poultry manure, sheep - goat manure, herbage yield, Panicum maximum, WAD Shee

Shelf Life Potential and Microbial Load of Varying Mixtures of Grass-Legume Pellets: A Dry Season Feed

The effects of storage duration (0, 6 and 12 weeks), storage medium (plastic container, polythene bag and jute sack) and varying mixture of grass-legume (60% Panicum maximum (6Pm); 30% Panicum maximum + 30% Lablab purpureus (3Pm3Lp); 40% Panicum maximum + 20% Lablab purpureus (4Pm2Lp); 40% Panicum maximum + 20% Stylosanthes hamata (4Pm2Sh) and 30% Panicum maximum + 30% Stylosanthes hamata (3Pm3Sh)) on shelf life and microbial load of grass-legume pellets were examined in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria (Latitude 80N, Longitude 40E) using a 3 x 3 x 5 factorial arrangement using completely randomized design with Microbial concentrations were significantly affected (p \u3c 0.05) with plastic container having the lowest counts of total coliform (0.73 x 104cfu/l), total bacteria (2.05 x 104cfu/g), total fungi (1.12 x 104cfu/g) and total microbial concentration (4.07 x 104cfu/g). The study revealed that grass-legume pellet has good storage value and can be fed to ruminants as dry season feed

Effect of Manure Application on Herbage Yield, Nutritive Value and Performance of Wad Sheep Fed Panicum maximum

Effect of types of manure on herbage yield, nutritive value and performance of WAD Sheep fed native Panicum maximum was investigated. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with each plot replicated thrice. Poultry manure and sheep - goat manure were applied through broadcasting to an established Panicum maximum stand to supply 200kgN/ha and 0kgN/ha (control). Grass herbage harvested from experiment plot were fed as sole diets to West African dwarf sheep to determine feed intake (g/h/d), nutrient digestibility (%) and weight gain (g/h/d). Results showed that Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher values for biomass yield, number of tillers, tiller height, leaf length and leaf width. The chemical composition of Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher CP and GE compared to sheep-goat manure. Similar trend of result was observed on mineral composition of Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced (P<0.05) higher values for P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu compared to sheep-goat manure. The feed intake (g/h/d), nutrient digestibility (%) and weight gain of the animals fed Panicum maximum fertilized with poultry manure produced higher values compared to its counterpart. It was concluded based on data obtained from this study that poultry manure application will promote higher yield and nutritive value for the Panicum maximum. Animals fed with this as sole diet and as short feeding regime experienced high weight gain

Determination of the Status and Factors Influencing Occurrence and Adequacy of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass) in Tana Delta, Kenya

Panicum maximum is becoming extinct in Tana Delta, Kenya. The grass is declining at an increased rate due to poor management of this open to all natural pasture. The purpose of this study was to establish an alternative effective management practices for Panicum maximum as a source of pasture for pastoralist communities in Tana Delta. The findings of the study show that Panicum maximum has become inadequate (97%) for livestock in Tana Delta. Additionally, the satellite images correlates the above outcome that grass quantity has reduced over the years - when the satellite image of 1992 compared to that of 2015. The results further showed that inadequate rainfall (78%), lack of flooding (50%) and overstocking of herds in the grazing land (45%) as the main reason for Panicum maximum reduction. From the study, this reduction in quantity is therefore attributable to two main factors, namely; reduction in amount of rainfall and overstocking of cattle in the communal grazing areas. The study further concludes that hay production among the community formed a potent mitigation strategy against feed scarcity during dry seasons. Keywords: Panicum maximum, Satellite images, adequac

Réduction des charges alimentaires des cobayes (Cavia porcellus L.) par un régime fourrager supplémenté par la farine de poisson et/ou du maïs-grain durant le cycle de reproduction

La supplémentation de Panicum maximum Jacq par l'aliment concentré granulé pour lapin a l'avantage d'induire une meilleure productivité des cobayes (Cavia porcellus L.) et a pour inconvénient d'être relativement coûteux. Afin de réduire le coût de production des cobayes, quatre régimes alimentaires que sont : Panicum maximum et Euphorbia heterophylla associé au maïs-grain (PEM), ou associé à la farine de poisson (PEF), ou associé au grain de maïs et à la farine de poisson (PEMF) et Panicum maximum associé au granulé pour lapin (PG; régime témoin), ont été distribués ad libitum à 24 cobayes femelles multipares durant la gestation et l’allaitement. Les valeurs moyennes du taux de fécondité, des poids à la naissance et des croissances journalières des cobayes au cours de la lactation ont été 83, 100, 167 et 200% ; 71±14, 88±18, 98±17 et 104±10 g ; et 5±1, 6±1, 7±1 et 8±1 g.j-1 respectivement pour PEM, PEF, PEMF et PG. Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude montrent que le régime constitué de Panicum maximum, Euphorbia heterophylla et de farine de poisson (PEF) semble être une solution optimale en milieu rural, avec une réduction de 55% des charges liées à l'alimentation en comparaison à PGMots clés : Cobaye, fourrage, Euphorbia heterophylla, Panicum maximum, farine de poisson, économie

Principales características de algunas especies y cultivos de plantas forrajeras tropicales.

Andropon gayanus var. Bisquamulatus; Principles caracteristicas de la planta; Principales caracteristicas agronomicas; Forma de uso; Formacion y establecimiento; Observaciones generales; Panicum maximim; Cultivo Tanzania; Panicum Maximum cultivo Mombaza; Brachiaria brizantha; Brachiaria decumbes; Brachiaria humidicola

Effect of Number of Stylosanthes Hamata Rows on Herbage Yield, Nutritive Quality and Performance of Wad Sheep Fed Native Panicum Maximum

The effect of number of Stylosanthes hamata rows on herbage yield and nutritive quality of native Panicum maximum was assessed at Teaching and Research Farm of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Oyo State in the derived Savannah Zone of Nigeria.  The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with each plot replicated thrice. Stylosanthes hamata seeds were interplanted with native Panicum at 8weeks cut back    of establishment using different inter-sown spacing of 25cm, 16.7cm and 12.5cm with 1row, 2rows and 3rows of legume respectively. Parameters investigated at 12weeks old on native Panicum were biomass yield, tillers number and height, leaf length and width, chemical and mineral compositions. The grass herbage harvested from experimental plot were fed as sole diets to West African dwarf ram to determine feed intake (g/d/kg 0.75), nutrient digestibility (g/kg) and weight gain (g/h/d). Results showed that herbage yield, chemical and mineral composition of Panicum at 12weeks old improved. Biomass yield (383000kg/ha), number of tillers (33.00), tiller height (140.14cm), leaf length (51.37cm) and leaf width (2.38cm) were significantly higher for native Panicum inter planted with 2 and 3rows of Stylosanthes hamata.  Crude protein (9.85%) and gross energy (3.13kca/kg) content of Panicum inter planted with 2 and 3rows of legume spacing were (P<0.05) higher than 1 row. P (0.20%), K (0.36 %), Ca (0.32%), Mg (0.25 mg/100g), Fe ( 270.30 mg/100g), Zn (10.00 mg/100g),  and Cu ( 2.00 mg/kg ), of Panicum inter planted at 2 and 3rows of Stylosanthes hamata spacing were (P<0.05) better than other. The feed intake (43.70 g/d/kg 0.75), nutrient digestibility (79.67 g/kg) and weight gain (53.6 g/h/d) of animals fed Panicum interplanted with 3rows of Stylosanthes hamata was significantly (P<0.05) highest compared to its counterpart. This study revealed that intercropping of Stylosanthes hamata with native Panicum at 2 and 3 inter rows spacing promoted higher herbage yield and nutritive value for the Panicum maximum. Animals fed with this as sole diet experienced higher weight gain. Keywords: Stylosanthes hamata, Panicum maximum, number of row, feed intakes, herbage yield, Nutritive value, Wad Shee

Yield, and ruminal dry matter and energy degradability of ten tropical grasses harvested at four ages

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el rendimiento de materia seca (RMS), y la degradabilidad ruminal de la materia seca (MS) y la energía, de diez pastos de los géneros Brachiaria: B. brizantha (Insurgente), B. decumbens (Señal), B. humidicola (Chetumal), B. brizantha x B. ruzieziensis (Mulato I); Panicum: P. maximum cv. Mombasa, P. maximum cv. Guinea, P. maximum cv. Tanzania; y Pennisetum: P. purpureum cv. Taiwan, P. purpureum cv. Cuban king grass, P. purpureum cv. Purple king grass, a 3, 6, 9 y 12 semanas de rebrote, en tres ciclos de crecimiento. La degradabilidad ruminal de MS y energía se determinó a 48 h de incubación in situ. El RMS fue 3,037, 1,689 y 1,872 kg ha-1, para Pennisetum, Brachiaria y Panicum (P<0.05). La PC disminuyó de 11.6 a 6.9 % (3 a 12 semanas), sin diferencias entre géneros. Contenidos (%) de FDN, FDA y LIG fueron 72.1, 43.5 y 8.1 (Brachiaria); 73.0, 45.8 y 9.0 (Panicum); y 68.8, 44.4 y 9.1 (Pennisetum); así como 68.1, 40.1 y 8.2 (3 semanas); y 76.2, 49.7 y 9.5 (12 semanas). La degradabilidad in situ de MS fue 70.0 (Brachiaria), 65.8 (Panicum) y 72.9 % (Pennisetum); disminuyendo de 71.7 a 62.9 % de 3 a 12 semanas. La energía pre-incubada promedió: 3,802, 3,756, y 3,608 kcal kg-1 MS, para Brachiaria, Panicum, y Pennisetum, sin cambios por edad de rebrote. La degradabilidad (% de la EB incubada in situ en el rumen) fue 55.6, 51.4 y 57.9, para Brachiaria, Panicum y Pennisetum. En conclusión, la edad de rebrote y género afectaron el valor nutritivo de los pastos evaluados.The objective of the study was to determine dry mater yield (DMY), and in situ ruminal degradable dry matter and energy of ten grasses of the genera Brachiaria: B. brizantha (Insurgente), B. decumbens (Señal), B. humidicola (Chetumal), B. brizantha x B. ruzieziensis (Mulato I); Panicum: P. maximum cv. Mombasa, P. maximum cv. Guinea, P. maximum cv. Tanzania; and, Pennisetum: P. purpureum cv. Taiwan, P. purpureum cv. Cuban king grass, P. purpureum cv. Purple king grass, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 wk of regrowth, in three evaluation cycles. DMY for Pennisetum, Brachiaria and Panicum was: 3,037, 1,689 and 1,872 kg ha-1 (P<0.05). CP concentration decreased from 11.6 to 6.9 % (3 to 12 wk), without differences among genera. Concentration (%) of NDF, ADF and LIG were: 72.1, 43.5 and 8.1 (Brachiaria); 73.0, 45.8 and 9.0 (Panicum); and 68.8, 44.4 and 9.1 % (Pennisetum), values were 68.1, 40.1 and 8.2 (at 3 wk); and 76.2, 49.7 and 9.5 (at 12 wk). The in situ DM degradability was: 70.0 % (Brachiaria), 65.8 % (Panicum) and 72.9 % (Pennisetum) and decreased from 71.7 to 62.9 % (from 3 to 12 wk). Gross energy (GE) preincubation, was 3,802, 3,756, and 3,608 kcal kg-1 DM, for Brachiaria, Panicum, and Pennisetum, with no changes due to age of regrowth. In situ ruminal energy degradability (as % of incubated GE) was: 55.6, 51.4, and 57.9 % for Brachiaria, Panicum; and Pennisetum. In conclusion, age of regrowth and genus affected the nutritive value of the evaluated grasses

Effect of graded levels of Saccharum officinarum as an additive to Panicum maximum (Jacq) silage

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of graded levels of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) as an additive to Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) silage. A previously established guinea grass plot, totaling an area of 625m2 was cut back and fertilized with urea at the rate of 200 kgN/ha. The pasture was then harvested at 6-weeks regrowth, chopped (5-10cm long), mixed with chopped sugar cane (1-3cm long) and ensiled in stack silos. Four treatments were formulated as follows: Treatment A = 10%w/w Sugar cane with Panicum maximum; Treatment B = 20%w/w sugar cane with Panicum maximum; Treatment C = 30%w/w sugar cane with Panicum maximum; Treatment D = Panicum maximum without additive; with the fresh Panicum maximum serving as Control. The yield values of 6,169 and 4,850 Kg DM/ha was observed for the fresh and ensiled P. maximum, respectively. The pH values of the ensiled forage were significantly (P&lt; 0.05) highest in Treatment D (5.72) and least in Treatment C (4.20), while Treatments A and B were similar. Results showed significant (P&lt;0.05) reduction in the pH value of the ensiled grass as the content of sugar cane increased. Total cell wall (NDF) contents were similar and significantly reduced in ensiled guinea grass. Crude protein (CP) level was highest (P&lt;0.05) in 30% sugarcane additive silage (Treatment C) but similar in Treatments A, B, D and Control. The Crude fibre (CF) content was highest (P&lt;0.05) in the 10% sugarcane additive silage and lowest (P&lt;0.05) in the fresh un-ensiled guinea grass forage. Nitrogen Detergent Fibre (NDF) of the Control was higher (P&lt;0.05) than the ensiled grass across the treatments, while Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) values of the ensiled grass increased significantly (P&lt;0.05) with increasing sugarcane inclusion with highest (P&lt;0.05) value recorded for the 30% sugarcane additive silage (Treatment C). It can, therefore, be concluded from this study that sugarcane can serve as an additive in ensiling guinea grass up to the rate of 30% w/w.Key words: additive, ensiling, sugarcane, forage , Guine